Complete Glossary of
Marine Terms & Abbreviations
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CABAF / CAF / BAF
CABAF
An adjustment factor incorporating the bunker and currency adjustments.
CAF
Currency Adjustment Factor is an adjustment of the freight rate caused by a significant change in the relative exchange rates in the shipping line's basket of currencies between quotation of rate and shipment date. This may be a positive (surcharge) or negative (rebate) adjustment.
BAF
Bunker Adjustment Factor is a surcharge levied by the shipping company to cover any extra fuel costs incurred between the time a rate is quoted and when the goods are shipped. BAF could be a rebate if bunkering costs had decreased in the meantime.
Cable
Anchor chain; or - as a measurement of distance, 1/10 of a nautical mile i.e. about 200 yards
CAPTAINS PROTEST
This is when a ship has been involved in an accident or heavy weather where cargo has suffered damage the Captain signs a declaration giving full details of the accident / incident.
Cardinal mark
a marker, wither a buoy or a post, indicating navigable water on the named side of the mark.
Careen
to heel a sailing etc. boat over to work on her bottom
Cargo War Risk Policy
A separate Cargo policy covering cargo while waterborne only (except at transshipping point, which may be on land or water). Insures against war risks.
Carnet see ATA Carnet
(pronounced car-nay)
Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA) (USA) and Carriage of Goods by Water Act (COGWA) (Canada)
International agreement defining the responsibilities and liabilities of an ocean carrier transporting cargo.
CARRIERS LIEN
The right to retain possession of goods pending payment of overdue freight charges. The term may refer, also, to the right of a carrier to retain cargo pending payment of a GA contribution; but may be discharged in such cases by the payment of a GA deposit or provision of an acceptable GA guarantee.
Carry way
to continue to move through the water, even although propulsion has stopped
CAUSA CAUSANS
The cause of a cause of loss.
CAUSA PROXIMA
Proximate cause.
Cavitation
Vibration and loss of power, caused by aeration of propeller working surfaces
CELLULAR
Term used to describe hold configuration of purpose built containerships equipped with cell guides into which containers fit.
Centralised or aggregated rate : containers
This term relates to containerised cargo. Some shipping companies prefer to limit the number of ports of loading and will pay the forwarding cost from say, Auckland to New Plymouth for containers being shipped to the Middle East.
Centre of buoyancy
centre of the immersed volume of a vessel
Centreboard
a board plate which can be lowered from a housing in the bottom of the hull, to increase lateral resistance,to increase lateral resistance (i.e. reduce leeway - the vessel moving sideways)
Certificate of Origin
The purpose of this document gives evidence to the import country's customs authorities that the cargo:
- are not from a country with which the buyer's country has trade restrictions or embargo
- are genuinely from the country specified (e.g. for tariff purposes)
- are counted for compilation in government statistics
- The certificate of origin may be combined with the commercial invoice, or other documents.
Certificate of Insurance
A document presented by the insurance company or insured as evidence that insurance is in effect. The insured may assign his rights under this negoti¬able document to a third party, usually the consignee, by endorsing the re¬verse of the certificate.
CFS - Container Freight Station
Place for packing and unpacking LCL consignments.
Variously known as:
C/Bs in U.K., Depots in Australia, and ICDs (U.K. and the Indian Subcontinent).
CGT
Capital gains tax
Chain plates
strong points on the hull of a sailing vessel, each side of the mast, for attachment of shrouds
CHANGE OF VOYAGE
This applies only to voyage policies (hull or cargo). A change of voyage occurs when the destination of the ship is voluntarily changed after commencement of the voyage. Unless arrangements have been made with the underwriters to continue cover, prior to the change, underwriters are discharged from all liability as from the time the decision to change the voyage is manifested; but without prejudice to any valid loss occurring prior to such time.
Underwriters hold covered change of voyage; subject to prompt notice to underwriters, payment of an additional premium and change of conditions, if required.
Chart datum
a level on a nautical chart marginally below the lowest spring tide level, that forms the basis of depths on such charts.
It is highly unusual for a low tide to fall below this mark.
CHATER PARTY
A very large proportion of the world's trade is carried in tramp vessels. It is quite common to find one cargo which will fill the whole ship, and, in these circumstances, one cargo owner or one charterer will enter into a special contract with the shipowner for the hire of his ship - such a contract is known as a charter party. It is not always a full shipload, although this is usually the case.
A charter party is a contract whereby a shipowner agrees to place his ship, or part of it, at the disposal of a merchant or other person (known as the charterer), for the carriage of goods from one port to another port on being paid freight, or to let his ship for a specified period, his remuneration being known as hire money. The terms, conditions and exceptions under which the goods are carried are set out in the charter party.
CIM
(Europe) - Convention Internationale concernant le transport des Marchandises par chemin de fer
International convention on Carriage of Goods by Rail.
CKD
Completely Knocked Down: a machine shipped in a crate, in kit-set form.
CLASSIFICATION CLAUSE - Cargo
An ILU Institute clause that specifies that the vessel carrying the cargo must comply to certain maritime nations' inspectorates, in terms of the vessel’s condition and construction. For example, the UK inspection authority is Lloyds Register of Shipping. If a vessel is in good order, and assessed as so by Lloyd's, the vessel is designated an A1 class. Underwriters in the Classification Clause require that the vessel is under a certain age, otherwise an additional premium is due.
This Institute clause is used in cargo open cover contracts to indicate the age and class of overseas carrying vessels acceptable at the premium rates specified in the contract.
Basically, the ship must be iron or steel and mechanically self propelled. The ship must be fully classed with any of the listed classification societies. The ship must be no more than 15 years of age. The age limit is raised to 25 years for liners. Goods carried by ships not attaining the required standard are held covered subject to payment of an additional premium.
CLASSIFICATION CLAUSE - Hulls
A set of London market clauses available for attachment to hull & machinery policies. They incorporate an "existing class maintained" warranty and various restrictive conditions relating to the ship’s classification.
Claw off
sailing close to the wind, to get off a lee shore
Clearance Label
Denotes that a vessel has complied with all the regulations for clearance outward. It is attached to the Victualling Bill by the Customs officer who clears the vessel, and is then known as the Outward Clearance.
Clew
The lower aft corner of a sail, where the foot meets the leech
Clinker
method of wooden vessel construction, where the edge of one plank overlaps the one below it
CLORA
Consequential loss rating adjustment
Close-hauled
Sailing as close to the wind as possible
Closing Date
Shipping company terms for the last date on which export goods can be accepted for a nominated sailing.
Clutter
Unwanted reflections (e.g. from waves or rain) on a radar screen
Cl.
Clause
Clean Bill of Lading
A bill of lading on which the carrier has made no indication of any problems with the condition of the cargo at the time of acceptance for carriage.
Coaming
The rim of a hatchway, raised to prevent water from entering
Cofferdam
Transverse double bulkheads at least three feet apart, extending from the keel to the upperdeck, to separate one part of the ship from another. Cofferdams are located either side of the engine-room space and are used as part of the collision bulkhead.
COGSA
Carriage of Goods by Sea Act
Co Insurance
Where two or more parties share the same risk. A co insurer is not obliged to follow the decision of another co insurer, except where they have given au¬thority for the other party to act on their behalf. Each co insurance is a sepa¬rate contract with the insured.
Collect Freight
Freight which is payable to the carrier when the merchandise arrives at the port of discharge named in the bill of lading.
Collision
Physical impact between two or more ships or vessels used for navigation. In collision liability insurance, the term does not include contact of the insured vessel with anything other than a ship or vessel.
Collision Clause
A clause in a hull policy, covering collision liability incurred by the Insured.
It may also be termed 'Collision Liability Clause' or 'Running Down Clause'.
Combi Ship
A ship designed to carry both conventional and containerised cargo.
COMBINED TRANSPORT Abbreviation: CT
Carriage by more than one mode of transport under one contract of carriage.
Compromised Total Loss
An arranged settlement on a hull policy where there is no claim for actual or constructive total loss, but where it is impractical to repair the vessel.
Commercial Invoice
A document issued by the seller to the buyer, which gives detail of merchan¬dise sold, number of units being shipped, per unit cost and the terms of sale.
CTO - Combined Transport Operator
A Carrier who contracts as a principal to perform a combined transport operation.
Commixture
A mixture of two or more cargoes which cannot be separated into the relevant consignments.
Common Carrier
Any shipowner or other carrier who offers his vessel or other mode of trans¬portation to the public for the purpose of transporting merchandise.
Companion
Ladder or stairway
COMPROMISED TOTAL LOSS
This term is used where hull underwriters agree to a compromised settlement for total loss of ship, in circumstances where neither an actual loss, nor a constructive total loss may be claimed, but the value of the ship when repaired does not justify the cost of repairs. This type of settlement is not subject to any basic rules, hut usually applies to policies where the insured value of the ship is higher than her market value.
CONFERENCE
An agreement between shipping companies not to compete on certain elements (e.g. price discounts) on certain shipping routes, so that each may plan for and provide a regular scheduled service. To some this is anti-competitive practice, i.e. a cartel, but it provides stability to both shipping companies and cargo exporters. Conference Ship: A ship operated by a signatory to a shipping conference.
Conning
A nautical term for "has conduct" or "in control".
A conning tower on a submarine is the structure that is used to command the vessel once on the surface.
CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS
Is a loss to the cargo that was caused by a cause other than direct physical force to the cargo itself. An example would be damage to cargo due to delay, following the collision of the vessel with another (in which the cargo was not physically damaged, but prevented from being delivered to its destination before it decayed).
Consignee
Person or firm to whom cargo is shipped.
Consortium
A group of Combined Transport Operators who agree to rationalise sailings in a trade and carry each others' containers.
Constructive Total Loss
The position which exists when the cost of repairing or recovering lost or damaged property plus the value of the salvage would exceed the property's value when repaired or recovered.
Contact Damage
Damage to the ship caused by its striking any object other than another ship or vessel [the latter being termed "collision" damage). Damage to the ship caused by it being grounded or by striking rocks or submerged objects, other than in circumstances which constitute "stranding". Damage to the ship’s cargo caused by any of the above circumstances or hy physical touch with other cargoes or the ship’s hull etc.
CONTAINER TERMINOLOGY
Adjusting loading wall
Sheet lining which allows dunnage bars to be fitted into the container at any point.ADR
European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road.Ambient temperature
The temperature of a substance surrounding a body. Thus the ambient temperature of a container holding a refrigerated cargo would be the temperature of the air to which it is exposed outside.Anti nose dive leg
Support provided at the front end of a container chassis used to support that end during loading operations, i.e. for when the initial weight of the cargo or FLT is at the front and beyond the point of balance.ASA
American Standards Association.Axle loading
The total downward pressure exerted by a vehicle through any given axle. This may then be transmitted through two or four wheels.Blades (chisel forks)
Extremely thin wide forks on a fork lift used for sliding beneath loads which are not on pallets.Bonded goods
Dutiable goods upon which duty has not been paid, i.e. goods in transit or warehoused pending customs clearance.Box
Term for a container.Bridge fitting
Fitting piece (within turnscrew) to keep top sides of adjacent containers together (part of lashing equipment).BSI
British Standards Institute.Bulk freight container
Any container which by its own peculiar design, i.e. roof loading hatches and door or front wall discharge hatch, will allow bulk handling of commodities.Bulkhead
Sometimes used to denote the front wall, i.e. opposite the doors of a container.CA
Controlled atmosphere. Sometimes used in addition to temperature control to prolong the storage life of fruit.Car pallet
Flat tray with corner posts for transporting cars on container ships.Cattle container
Partly open container equipped with rails, boxes and cribs for livestock transportation.Celcure A
Trade name for a copper chrome arsenite solution, used to treat timber against wood boring insects.Cells/Cell guides
The guidance system enabling containers to be lowered into and lifted from the hold of the vessel. The holds have vertical guides into which the containers are lowered to form secure stacks restrained at all four corners.Centre of gravity
The point at which a load will balance or is in equilibrium.CFS
Container freight station. Other names: containerbase; consolidation depot; depot. Where parcels of cargo are grouped and packed into containers.Chisel forks
Extremely thin wide forks on a fork lift used for sliding beneath loads which are not on pallets.Clip on units
Portable refrigeration units designed to clip on to insulated containers which normally rely on a central refrigeration system for their cold air supply.Closed container
Container that can only be packed through one or more doors in the end or side walls.Collapsible container
Container with the main parts hinged or removable so that its effective volume may be reduced for transporting in an empty condition.Container freight station
Container freight station. Other names: containerbase; consolidation depot; depot. Where parcels of cargo are grouped and packed into containers.Container "head" /"front"
Sometimes used to describe the end opposite to the doors.Container load
Consignment which, in a container, fully occupies the internal capacity or conversely reaches maximum payload for that particular unit.Container part load
Consignment which does not occupy the full capacity of a container nor equals the maximum payload and will, therefore, allow the inclusion of other part loads.Container pool
Agreement between various transport carriers and/or container leasing companies concerning the exchange of containers.Corner casting
Hardware located on the top and bottom of each container corner post used for handling and securing a container.Corrugated container
Container with corrugated walls and ends for added strength.Cryogenic
Using a freezing mixture for refrigeration.CTO
Combined transport operatorCushion tires
Solid rubber tires made of fairly soft rubber or composition.CWE
(Customs) Cleared without examination.Data plate
Plate affixed to a container giving details of gross and tare weights and external dimensions.Demurrage
Compensation payable to a container or truck owner for the detention of his equipment beyond a certain time limit.Depot
Container freight station. Other names: containerbase; consolidation depot; depot. Where parcels of cargo are grouped and packed into containers.Despatch bays
The point from which containers are physically loaded or unloaded.Devanning
Term sometimes used to describe unpacking a container.Dew point
The temperature of a glass or metal object just cold enough to cause dew to appear upon it when exposed to the air.Dock leveller
A device to span the difference in level between the loading bank and the container floor. It also bridges the gap between the bank and the container.Document holder
May be located on the container door or front wall and sealed. Contains the customs certificate of container approval.Dolly
Set of wheels set under front of container to provide support when motive unit is disconnected.Door to-door
Through-transport of container and its contents from consignor to consignee.Down rated
The amount by which the lifting capacity of a fork lift is reduced as a result of fitting attachments/increasing load centres, etc.Down time
The period during which equipment or piece of machinery is not operating or producing.DPP
Damage protection plan.Dricon
For the treatment of timber against wood boring insects.Dry bulk container
Container especially built for carrying grain, powder, sand and other free flowing solids in bulk.Dry freight
Any dry cargo not requiring controlled temperature protection.Dry ice
Solid COz (carbon dioxide).DTI
Department of Trade and Industry.Dunnage
Material (usually disposable) used to secure cargo or protect it from chafe. Also in some instances for fabricating temporary floors to allow spillage to drain away.Dunnage bag
Flexible bags positioned within the stow and inflated so that movement of cargo might be prevented.Emptying
Unpacking goods from containers.FCL
Full container load. Usually loaded by the shipper for one consignee.FCR
Forwarder's certificate of receipt; the forwarding agent's through documents for goods, negotiable worldwide.Feeder ship
Container vessel used in short sea trade to serve ports at which deep sea container ships do not call.FEU
Forty foot equivalent unit.Flashpoint
The temperature at which a liquid produces enough vapour to form an inflammable mixture with air.Flat rack
A flat platform container.Floor loading
The static and dynamic loads imposed on the floor by the payload and the wheels of handling equipment.FLT
Fork lift truck.Footprint
The area of the tyre measured in square inches which actually comes into contact with the surface on which it is operating under a given load. For the purposes of container floors design, the footprint of a pneumatic and cushion tyre is estimated at 22 square inches.Fork pockets
Recesses sometimes provided in the sides of a container for the entry of the forks of fork lift trucks.Four way pallet
Pallet so constructed that the forks of a FLT may enter from any side.Free lift
The distance the forks of a FLT can rise without the overall collapsed height of the mast increasing.Full tilt container
Container with the full sides and roof, maybe also the ends, covered by tarpaulin, drop sides notwithstanding.FWC
Fully loaded weight and capacity. A container ideally loaded to its fullest capacity of weight and volume.G factor
Indicates the constant multiplying factors when considering the effects of acceleration on mass, e.g. a force of 6 Gin relation to a 2 ton load would be equivalent to 12 tons.Genoa corner fitting
A container corner fitting made to ISO recommended design sometimes called "corner castings", and used by the lifting apparatus to grip the container by interlocking.GRP
Glass reinforced plastic.Grabomatic
Fork lift truck attachment that will grip and lift drums, two at a time, by the top rims.Gross weight
Total weight of a container, that is the container, its payload, and any loose internal fittings.Groupage
A service providing facilities for small consignments to be consolidated and transported in a container.Groupage depot
Area where container contents can be consolidated or disseminated.GVW
Gross vehicle weight the combined total weight of a vehicle and its container inclusive of prime mover.Half height container
A container, open top with or without soft or hard cover, between 4 ft. and Oft. 3 ins. high.Half tilt container
Container with larger part of sides, or sides and roof, covered by tarpaulin or similar material.Hard top container
Closed container with roof that opens or lifts off.Header bar
Beam or bar (usually above the end doors of an open top container) which may be swung to one side or removed to improve access.Heated container
Container built with insulated walls, doors, floor and roof, fitted or capable of being fitted with a heating appliance which is capable of raising and maintaining the temperature inside the container at a required level.House to house
Same as door to door.House to pier
Container packed inland but unpacked at the pier of destination port.Humidity
The ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the amount of moisture in the air to that in saturated air at the same temperature.Hygroscopic substance
A substance which is capable, under the right conditions, of absorbing water vapour from the surrounding atmosphere. Such a substance will continue to absorb moisture until the vapour pressure of the absorbed water is equal to that of the water vapour in the air. It is then said to be in equilibrium. The equilibrium moisture content of the substance is dependent on both its temperature and the relative humidity and temperature of the surrounding air.If the moisture content is above the equilibrium value the substance will give up water until equilibrium conditions are reached.
IICL
Institute of International Container Lessors, New York.IMO
International Maritime Organisation. Not all countries are signatories to this organization, but most of the major maritime nations are. It is the vehicle through which dangerous goods and other regulations can become internationally acceptable.Inflatable dunnage
Flexible bags positioned within the stow and inflated so that movement of cargo might be prevented.Inlets
Collapsible inlets made of rubber or syn¬thetic materials, used in containers for the transport of liquids or free flowing solids.Insulated container
A container with the walls, roof, floor and doors insulated to reduce the effect of external temperature on the cargo.Insulated tank container
Container frame holding one or more thermally insulated tanks for liquids.Interface
Point at which two systems meet, i.e. road transport and terminal terminal and ship.ISO
International Standards Organisation.Joinable containers
Containers whose dimensions and specifications are fixed so as to permit the loading of the containers onto a container flat so that the whole unit can be handled as one ISO container.Lancashire flat
Type of flat with headboard at one end.Land bridge
Descriptive term for an overland transit coming between two ocean passages during a container's journey from starting point to destination.Latticed sided
Open or closed container with at least one side consisting of elements with openings between them.LCL
Less than full container load. That is, a con¬tainer which is filled with consignments of cargo for more than one consignee or from more than one shipper.Lo to
Load on load off. Describes ocean transport as distinct from ro ro.LPG
Liquid propane gas. One type of fuel for mechanical handling equipment.M (D)
"Empty" (container).Methyl bromide
Fumigant used to kill infestation in various commodities. May on occasion be used to fumigate the container. An odourless and poten¬tially dangerous poison.Module
A volume described in multiples of similar measurements to that of the container. Altering a module can, under some circumstances, improve the utilization of a container.Multi tank container
Container frame enclosing two or more separate tanks for liquids.NVO(C)C
Non vessel operating (container) carrier.Net weight (payload)
Difference between the gross weight and the tare weight of the container.One way lease
Lease of a container for the forward voyage only, the container being returned to lessor at or near destination.Open container
A container with sides and/or ends of bars, grills, mesh or entirely open, with or without roof.Open sided container
Doors, shutters or tarpaulin allowing one or both sides to open up completely.Open top container
Container with tarpaulin roof or solid removable roof that can be loaded and unloaded from above.Open topped reefer
Open topped container that is temporarily protected by a removable insulated cover.Open wall container
Container without one or more side or end walls but having at least a base, end structures and a top frame with corner castings.Overheight cargo
Cargo loaded into an open top container so that the level of the cargo rises above the normal level of the roof struts. This type of stowage can be accepted by operators under certain conditions.Payload cargo weight
Measurement on which freight is paid.Pier to house
Transport of containers packed at port of loading and unpacked at an inland destination.Pier to pier
Transport of containers packed at port of loading and unpacked at port of destination, i.e. use of container restricted to shop operation.Piggy back
Hauling trailer mounted containers on railway flat cars. Sometimes known as TOFC (trailer on flat car).Pillow tanks
Collapsible inlets for transport of liquids, free flowing solids, etc., in containers.Plain flat container
Container base and corner posts, loose stanchions or runners for sides and ends notwithstanding.Plain van container
Another name for a general purpose container.Polarstream
The name for a liquid nitrogen refrigeration system.Polyurethane
Insulation which can be in "block" or "poured" or "frothed" form. Made up of minute cells containing freon gas.Portainer (crane)
Port (vessel) container gantry crane.Protim salts
For treatment of timber against wood boring insects.Quoin
Shaped timber wedge used to secure barrels against movement.Railtainer (crane)
Railway container gantry crane.Rating
Maximum permissible combined weight of the freight container and its contents.Reach stacker
Large fork lift truck with extended lifting and reaching capabilities.Reefer (or refrigerated container)
An insulated container with provision for controlling the air temperature within the container.Relative humidity
The ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the amount of moisture in the air to that in saturated air at the same temperature.Rolling
The side to side rocking movement of a ship.Ro ro
Roll on roll off. Type of ship that can take containers while still on trailers and other rolling stock.Scissor lift
Platform device, usually power operated, which can lift a load from ground, or any intermediate level, to container floor height.Sheathing
Materials forming the outside of roof, sides, ends and doors. These act as restraints to help prevent the main frame from racking.Shrink (foil) wrapping
Heat treatment that shrinks an envelope of polythene or similar substance around several units, thus binding them into a single whole. May be used to secure items into small presentation packs, or secure packages onto a pallet.Side door container
Closed container with rear door and at least one side door.Side loader
A lift truck with the lifting equipment operating to one side for handling containers.Skeletal trailer
A trailer constructed specifically for the safe carriage of ISO containers.Skids
Battens fitted beneath stillages, boxes or packages to raise them clear of the floor and allow easy access of fork lift trucks, slings, or other handling equipment.Sling
Endless rope, wire or strap used for lifting cargo.Sno flo
Trade name for a liquid COz refrigeration system.Soft top container
Container with a removable waterproof "tilt". Also known as a top loader or open top.Solo tank container
Tank for liquids enclosed in container frame.Special container
Container specially designed and built for carrying a special cargo.Stacking cone
Fitting piece between two containers (at each corner).Steel container
Usually has a ribbed configuration, or a double skin construction if used without secondary posts.Straddle carrier
Truck capable of lifting a container within its own framework.Stripping
Term sometimes used for unpacking a container.Stuffing
Term sometimes used for packing a container.Tank container
Container especially built for transporting liquids and gases in bulk.Tanolith C
Trade name for copper chrome arsenite solution used in immunizing timber against wood boring insects.Tanolith U
A fluoride chrome arsenite penta chlorophil solution used for immunizing timber against wood boring insects.Tare weight
Weight of a container without its cargo.Terminal
The area where containers are stacked ready to be loaded into the vessel or are stacked immediately after discharge from the vessel.Thermal conductivity
The quantity of heat (e.g. in British Thermal Units [BTU]) transferred through one inch of material per square foot of surface, per hour, per degree Fahrenheit. Generally referred to in terms of K Factor, which is determined by the equation: Inch K factor = sq. ft., hour, °F.TEU
Twenty foot equivalent unit.Tilt
Canvas or other waterproof material used to cover or protect the interior of an open top or open sided container.TIR
Transports internationaux par la route. Road transport operating agreement reached by European governments and the USA for the international movement of goods by road. Generally permits sealed loads to cross national frontiers without inspection or tariff penalties.Twist lock
Fitting piece between two containers with locking device (handle).Two way pallet
Pallet so constructed that the forks of a FLT may gain access from two sides only.Tyne or fork
Forks of a FLT.Unit load
A number of individual packages bonded, palletized or strapped together to form a single unit for more efficient handling by mechanical equipment.Ullage
"Deficiency" of a liquid, i.e. the space not filled but supposed to be filled in a drum, tank, tank hold, tank container etc. Usually the "gap" between the surface of a liquid and the top of the tank, etc.Vanning
American term sometimes used for packing a container.Ventilated container
Container with openings in the side and/or end walls to allow the ingress of outside air when the doors are shut.Waste cube
When cargo does not completely fill or fit the interior of the container due to bad packing, awkward shapes, weight limitations, or lack of cargo.
Contingency Insurance (Seller's Insurance)
A secondary insurance coverage which will protect an insured's financial interest if the primary insurance coverage effected by others does not re¬spond for a covered loss.
Contribution
This relates to situations where more than one party covers the risk. Each party is deemed to be liable for its portion of the loss. If the insured has recovered in full from one insurer, that insurer is entitled to recover from the other insurer that part of the loss which should have been paid by the latter. The term, as used in marine insurance, also applies to contributions paid by the insured in connection with salvage and/or General Average.
CONTRIBUTORY VALUE
The value on which general average contributions are based. It is the net arrived value of the of the interest plus any amount to be made good in general average. To arrive at the contributory value the following should be taken into account:
- Ship: The assessed sound value on arrival at destination after discharging all cargo, less the estimated cost of repair of any damage.
- Cargo: The actual net arrived value, which is the gross value less all charges at destination.
- Freight: The actual gross freight at risk at the time of the general average act less any amounts paid by the insured after the general average act.
Continuation Clause
A clause providing for the continuation of a hull time policy beyond the natural expiry date.
The clause can be used at the option of a hull insured, whose ship is on a voyage at the time the policy is due to expire, but who does not wish to renew the hull policy for a further period of time. The insured, by giving notice to the underwriters before the expiry date of the policy, can continue cover until the ship arrives at her planned destination port.
An additional premium is payable on a pro rata monthly basis for the time the policy is continued.
Convertible Currency
A London market term for any currency other than Sterling, US dollars or Canadian dollars.
COT - Customer's Own Transport
U.K. shipping term. The consignee collects from / delivers to the consolidation point or container yard.
COU
Clip On Unit - Portable refrigeration units. or Central Operating Unit - Body set up to co-ordinate consortium operations in a trade.
Count Bill of Lading
A bill of lading which shows the actual number of units being shipped.
COUNTER-GUARANTEE
An undertaking given by a cargo insured to an underwriter agreeing to reimburse the underwriter in the event that the issue of the underwriter's guarantee to pay a general average contribution results in payment in excess of the amount properly due under the policy.
COUNTERVAILING DUTIES
These are often confused with anti-dumping duties. Countervailing duties are levied against imports considered to be subsidised (see Export subsidy). This in essence involves government support for an export industry which might provide the exporters of one country with an unfair price advantage over local industry. A countervailing duty may be imposed in order to counteract these advantages.
Country Damage
Damage caused by dirt, mud, etc., to commodities before they are shipped.
Cover Note
A non negotiable document evidencing insurance which may or may not indicate the terms of coverage.
Coxswain
a Petty Officer in charge of a ship's boat & crew ( a 'cock' was a small rowing boat)
Cringle
a loop, usually consisting of a metal eye roped to a sail
CRISTAL
Contract Regarding an Interim Supplement to Tanker Liability for Oil Pollution
Crutch
metal fitting that drops into the gunwale of a boat to take an oar see also rowlock
CSC - Container Safety Convention
International convention for safe containers.
CT
Abbreviation used by Shipping companies for Combined Transport
CTD - Combined Transport Document
The Combined Transport Operator's Bill of Lading.
Customs Broker
A firm which specializes in clearing imported merchandise for transit to the interior. Normally responsible for obtaining and submitting all documents for clearing merchandise through customs and arranging inland transport as well as paying all charges related to these functions.
Customs Entry Form
A form required by Canada Customs for all merchandise entering Canada. It indicates country of origin, description of merchandise and amount of esti¬mated duty to be paid before merchandise is released by customs.
Customary Deductions
New for old deductions made by an average adjuster from the cost of repairs for general average damage to a ship over 15 years old. Hull underwriters do not make new for old deductions from claims for repairing damage to the ship, whether they be for GA sacrifice or particular average.
CWE- Cleared Without Examination
Cleared by Customs without inspection.
CY
Currency, or Container Yard - Collection and Distribution point for loaded FCL and empty containers.
C&D - Collection and Delivery
Carriage from/to Customer's premises to / from a Container Freight Station.
C and F (CFR)
Cost and Freight, a sale term under which the consignee makes its own in¬surance arrangements for the goods throughout the period of transit.
c. & i.
Cost and insurance
C.A.D.
Cash against documents
C.A.R.
Contractors' all risks. Constructors' all risks
C.C.
Civil commotions. Cancellation clause. Collecting commission
c.g.a.
Cargo's proportion of general average
C.I.E.
Canadian Insurance Exchange
c.i.f. & e.
Cost, insurance, freight and exchange
c.i.f. & i.
Cost, insurance, freight and interest
c.i.f.c. & i.
Cost, insurance, freight, commission, and interest
C.I.I.
Charted Insurance Institute
C.I.L.A.
Charted Institute of Loss Adjusters
C.L.C.
Consequential Loss Committee
CMI - Comité Maritime International
An international committee of maritime lawyers.
CMR
(Europe) - Conventional relative au contrat transport international des Marchandises par Route
International convention on carriage of Goods by Road
C.O.D.
Cash on delivery
C.P.A.
Claims payable abroad. Contractors Plant Association
C.P.C.
Component parts clause
C.R.
Current rate
C.R.O.
Cancelling returns only
C.V.
Commercial vehicle. Curriculum vitae
c.w.o.
Cash with order
C/N
Cover note. Credit note