Complete Glossary of
Marine Terms & Abbreviations
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
Tail Shaft
Extreme section at the aft end of a ship's propeller shaft.
Taint
The passing of an odour from one cargo to another
Tale Quale
As it arrives.
Expression used particularly in the grain trade, agreement to which means that the buyer will accept the cargo in the condition in which it arrives without question as to quality or soundless. the terms are subject to a satisfactory certificate of quality at the port of shipment. Usually these terms are acceptable only where grain is carried in dry cargo vessels and not in tankers.
Tank Top
Upper plating of the double bottom in a ship.
Tanktainer
A cylindrically-shaped container intended for transport of bulk liquid cargo.
Tare
The weight of a container, box or other carrier of goods when empty.
Tariff
A tariff (or tariff schedule) is a list of taxes (or 'Duties") levied by a government on the import (and sometimes export) of items from other nations. Tariffs may be levied on selected products or groups of products or may apply across all products, and they may differ for goods from different countries. Tariffing raises the final landed cost of imports to the consumers within the importing country, and so should act to curb local demand for imported goods in favour of locally produced equivalents.
Telemotor
Machinery which operates the steering system of a ship.
Temporary Repairs
Where a ship is in a port where repairs cannot be effected or where the insurer does not wish repairs to be carried out it is usual to effect temporary repairs to make the ship seaworthy in order to remove her to the repair port. When the cost of the final repairs is recoverable under the policy, the cost of temporary repairs is also recoverable. The policy does not cover the cost of temporary repairs which are effected purely for the shipowner’s convenience. So far as general average is concerned temporary repairs are allowed only when necessary for the common safety. Where temporary repairs of accidental damage are effected in order to enable the adventure to be completed the cost of such repairs is allowed in general average but only up to the saving in expense which would have been allowed in general average if such repairs had not been effected. New for old deductions are not applied in general average in respect of temporary repairs.
Tender Clause
A clause in a policy covering hull and machinery of a ship. It specifies the measures the assured must take in the event of an accident, whereby a claim may arise under the policy, regarding advice to underwriters and Lloyd's agents and survey arrangements.
The clause also gives underwriters rights regarding the taking of tenders for repairs, deciding the place and firm of repair and acceptance of the successful tender. It details the assured's rights in regard to delay experienced in awaiting further tenders requested by underwriters. A penalty is applied to the assured's claim for non compliance with the terms of the clause.
Terms of Sale
The sale of any goods involves the exchange of ownership between a Seller and Buyer. This contract of sale will state the responsibilities of each party and these responsibilities or terms are normally referred to by using the INCOTERMS, common terms being:
EX WORKS (... named place)
FCA FREE CARRIER (... named place)
FAS FREE ALONG SHIP (... named port of shipment)
FOB FREE ON BOARD (... named port of shipment)
CFR COST AND FREIGHT (... named port of destination)
CIF COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (... named port of destination)
CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO (... named place of destination
CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO (... named placed of destination)
DAF DELIVERED AT FRONTIER (... named place)
DES DELIVERED EX SHIP (... named port of destination)
DEQ DELIVERED EX QUAY (DUTY PAID) (... named port of destination)
DDU DELIVERED DUTY UNPAID (...named place of destination)
DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID (... named place of destination
Terms or Methods of Payment
If the insured has not received payment for any reason, they must dispose of the goods and, therefore, still have an insurable interest.
The following are the more common terms of methods of payment:
- Collection by Draft – The seller bears the risk until they are paid. If for some reason the buyer does not accept the shipment, the seller has the problem of disposing the goods. By arranging the insurance, the seller can minimize the risk of loss.
- Open Account – When sales are made on an open account, the seller has financial risk similar to collecting by draft. Here again, the seller should attempt to arrange the insurance.
- Letter of Credit – In this procedure, the buyer establishes credit through their financial institution in favour of the seller. If the seller collects by this means, the letter of credit often stipulates that they arrange the insurance.
TEU
Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
e.g. 1 x 40ft = 2 TEU
1 x 20ft = 1 TEU
THC
Terminal Handling Charge. A charge for handling FCLs at ocean terminals. Also known as a Container/Port Service Charge.
Third Party Liability
Legal liability to anyone other than another party to a contract (e.g. liability of one ship to another consequent upon a collision).
In marine insurance terms, the two parties to the contract are the insured and the underwriter. Anyone else is s third party.
Three Leader Agreement
A term that originated in the London market.
A condition in a slip or policy whereby the subscribing underwriters allow the leading underwriters to agree amendments etc., to the insurance on their behalf. Where both Lloyd's and ILU companies share the slip it is understood that the first two underwriters in each market subscribing the risk shall indicate their agreement to amendments, etc. It is, also, understood that the leaders' agreement relates only to changes which do not materially affect the cover (eg they cannot increase written lines).
Through Bill
A contract of affreightment that covers goods throughout the period of transit, including both overland and sea transit.
Time Charter
A contract for the hire of a ship.
The charterer has the use of the vessel for a specified period. The shipowner supplies the crew and provisions.
TIR
- (Europe)Transports International Routiers - A system involving the issue of a carnet to road hauliers which allows loaded vehicles to cross national frontiers with minimum Customs fomalities.
- (U.S.) Trailer Interchange Receipt
Receipt to Shipper delivering a loaded export container to a terminal.
Tomming Off
Using wedges between cargo and the ship's side or a bulkhead to prevent movement of the goods during transit.
Ton & Tonne
Ton = 2240lbs Tonne = Metric measurement of weight. 1000 kilograms.
Tonnage Deck
The uppermost continuous deck in ships having less than three decks, or the second continuous deck from below.
Tower's Liability
Liability incurred by any ship or vessel when she is towing another ship, vessel or other object.
Trade Ullage
An allowance for natural loss to cargo (eg evaporation).
Transhipment
The act of transferring goods from one vessel to another or from one conveyance to another, including periods at transhipping ports or places.
Transire
A Customs document used when a vessel is coasting, giving full cargo details. It serves as clearance from the port of issue.
Transit
Goods are in transit when they are out of the immediate control of the two commercial contracting parties i.e. "in the transport chain". The ICC(A) further defines the commencement of transit as the time when the goods pass through the warehouse gates on their outward journey.
Transtainer
A vehicle used for carrying cargo containers during loading or discharge operations or within port of terminal areas
Transverse
Across a ship at right angles to a line drawn from bow to stern.
Trucker
(U.S.) A road transport operator (a haulier in the he UK).
Trunking
Movement of containers between terminals and container freight stations or container yards
TTO - Through Transport Operator
A Carrier who contracts to carry goods (only part of which carriage he undertakes himself) on the basis that he is a principal whilst the goods are in his personal care and an agent only whilst they are not.
Tween Decker
Any ship having one or more decks below the main deck.
t. & s.
Touch and stay
T.D.W.
Tonnage deadweight
T.L.O. excs and T.L.O. exs
Total loss only and excess liabilities
T.L.R.
Times Law Reports
T.L.V.O.
Total loss of vessel only
T.O.R.
Time on risk
T.O.V.A.L.O.P.
Abbreviation for "Tanker Owners' Voluntary Agreement Concerning Liability for Oil Pollution".
A pollution agreement that was subscribed to by most tanker owners world-wide, whereby owners agreed to pay jointly for clean-up costs incurred by Governments in respect of oil discharge from tankers belonging to such owners.
T.P.N.D.
Theft, pilferage and non-delivery